The pace of the negotiations then depends on the speed of reform and alignment with EU laws in each country. For chapter 23 and 24, the Commission is proposing that in the future these chapters would be opened on the basis of action plans, with interim benchmarks to be met based on their implementation before closing benchmarks are set. For most chapters the EU will set closing benchmarks in this position which need to be met by the Candidate Country before negotiations in the policy field concerned can be closed. Negotiating positions – before negotiations can start, the candidate country must submit its position and the EU must adopt a common position.The conclusion of this report is a recommendation of the Commission to either open negotiations directly or to require that certain conditions – opening benchmarks - should first be met. The findings by chapter are presented by the Commission to the Member States in the form of a screening report. Screening – the Commission carries out a detailed examination, together with the candidate country, of each policy field (chapter), to determine how well the country is prepared.Negotiations under each chapter are based on the following elements: Negotiations take place between ministers and ambassadors of the EU governments and the candidate country in what is called an intergovernmental conference. Membership negotiations cannot start until all EU governments agree, in the form of a unanimous decision by the EU Council, on a framework or mandate for negotiations with the candidate country. When the negotiations and accompanying reforms have been completed to the satisfaction of both sides, the country can join the EU.The candidate moves on to formal membership negotiations, a process that involves the adoption of established EU law, preparations to be in a position to properly apply and enforce it and implementation of judicial, administrative, economic and other reforms necessary for the country to meet the conditions for joining, known as accession criteria.When a country is ready it becomes an official candidate for membership – but this does not necessarily mean that formal negotiations have been opened.The process of joining the EU (accession) broadly consists of 3 stages:
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